Justice among Generations in the Sustainable Utilization of Resources

What the decline of the Sumerian and the ancient Mediterranean civilization and the disappearance of the Maya civilization enlighten us most is that the premise for the sustainable development of society is the sustainable development of resources. The sustainable development is that without damaging the later generations' satisfaction of needs, a development model is targeted, which will satisfy the present generations production and social needs to maximum extent. In a moral sense, the sustainable development of society and the sustainable utilization of resource are based on the ideal of justice among generations. The ideal of justice among generations is also related to efficiency and justice, including norms like Pareto utilization criterion and "minimum and maximum". There are different theories about the sustainable development of resources, some of them are:the theory of reasonable distribution between the present generation and the future generation, the theory of clean resources, the theory of replacement resources and the theory of the zero increase of resource consumption. These theories of resource development mainly use the ideal of justice among generations. In order to realize the sustainable utilization of resources, we need to do the work as follows. Firstly, the people's living philosophy needs to be changed in order to form new responsibility and ethics for nature and to respect life and nature. Secondly, technology needs to be innovated to reduce the exhaustion of resources. Thirdly, the interference system of the government for the macro policy of resource utilization needs to be sound. Fourthly, the reasonable establishment of property right among generations needs to be set.