Quercus acutissima exhibits more adaptable water uptake patterns in response to seasonal changes compared to Pinus massoniana

Background Seasonal precipitation variability significantly affects water use in forests; however, whether water uptake is adapted to changes in precipitation, particularly whether it could affect the coexistence of tree species, has rarely been quantified in forest systems.

Method In this study, dual stable isotopes and the Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system were used to determine the water sources of a mixed conifer (Pinus massoniana) and broadleaf (Quercus acutissima) forest and changes in hydraulic characteristics during the dry and wet seasons in a southern hilly region of China.

Results Although the hydraulic characteristics of P. massoniana were lower than those of Q. acutissima, it maintained a stable water source from the deep soil layer and a higher stomatal conductance (Gs), leading to a higher transpiration rate (Tr) during the growing seasons. Q. acutissima mainly absorbed water from deeper soil layers in the dry season and took up from shallow soil layers in the wet season. Its Gs values exhibited sensitivity to precipitation, while it maintained a lower Tr value during the growing seasons. The excessive water-use strategy observed in P. massoniana may confer weak drought-tolerance during higher frequency and more intense extreme precipitation events, whereas Q. acutissima may exhibit better ecological adaption to precipitation changes.

Conclusions The overlap of water niches in mixed forests did not appear to affect the coexistence of tree species. The present study provides insights into reforestation and water management in the southern hilly regions of China.